216 MAGDOLUM.
on Palestine, Tvarels, vol. ii. p. 71.) Hoy this last assertion is to be proved does not appear. The anthority of Josephus has been quoted for a Mag- dala near Gamala, and consequently on tbe east of the sea (Vita, $ 24), but the reading is corrupt. (Robinson, Lc. p. 279, note.) (G.V.J MÀGDOL (Μάγδολον, Heròdot II, 159; si bé Μάγδωλον en la Septuaginta; la Migdol de l'Antic Testament [Èxode 14:2; Nombres 33:7; 2n Reis 23:29; Jeremies 44:1 i 46:14; Ezequiel 29:10 i 30:6]; Itinerari d'Antoní, pàg. 171), ciutat del Baix Egipte situada a unes 12 milles al sud de Pelúsion, a la carretera costanera que anava d'Egipte a Sirofenícia. Segons Heròdot (loc. cit.), el faraó Necos hi vencé els siris cap al 608 aC. Eusebi (Preparació de l'evangeli, IX, 18), referint-se aparentment als mateixos fets, anomena l'exèrcit derrotat «siris de Judà». Sembla extraordinari que els siris haguessin avançat fins a un punt tan proper a les fronteres d'Egipte com era la Màgdol del Delta (cf. Heròdot III, 5) tenint un desert àrid als flancs i al darrere. El fet que la narració esmenti la conquesta de Caditis, una ciutat important de Palestina, com a resultat de la batalla de Màgdol tampoc no contribueix a la seva credibilitat. Els siris podrien haver progressat a pas lleuger per la carretera costanera d'Egipte si abans haguessin obtingut l'ajuda de les tribus àrabs del desert, com havia fet Cambises abans d'envair Egipte (cf. Heròdot III, 7). Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible, «Megiddo»; Winer, Biblisches Realwörterbuch, vol. II. pàg. 93, nota 2; Champollion, L'Egypte, vol. II. pàg. 79.
MAGELLI, a Ligurian tribe, mentioned only by Pliny (ii. 5. s. 7). ("They have been supposel to have occupied the Fal di Mugello, in the Apemines, N. of Florence, but though it is certain that the Ligurians at one time extended as far to the E. as this, it is very improbable that Pliny should have included such a tribe in his description of Roman Liguria. The name of the Mugello is found in Procopius (2. G. iii. 5) vvhere he speals of a place (xepiov) called Mucella (MouréXa), situated a day's journey to the N. of Florence. — (E. H. B.
MAGETO'BRIA or ADMAGETOBRIA, in Gallia..—Probably the true name ended in -brira or -briga. —Ariovistus, the German, defented the forces of the Galliin a ficht at this place. (Cues. B. G. i. 51.) The site of Magetobria is untnovn. The resemblance of name induced D'Anville ( otice, 8c.) to fix it at Moigte de Broie, near tbe confluence of the Ognon and the Saóne, a little above Pontarlie, There is a story of a brohen um, vith tbe ins tion MAGETOBR., Laving been found in the Saóne in 1802. But this story is of doubtful credit, and the urn camnot be found nov. — VValcheuaer supposes Amage on the Brenchin, vhich is vest of Faucogney and east of Lurenil, to correspond best to the indi- cations in Caesar's text. But Caesar does not give us the least indication of the position of Mauge- tobria. (GL)
MAGIL. (MEnia.)
MAGIOVINTUM or MAGIOVINIUM, in Bri. tain, a station placed in three of the itinera of Antoninus at the distance of 24 miles to the N. of Verulamium. Its site is generally supposed to be at Fenny Stratford. (C.R. SJ
MAGNA (It. Ant. p.484: Geogr. Ravenn.). 1. A tovn or station in Britain, the site of mhich is nov occupied by Xenchester, in Herefordshire. In both Of the above vorts the vvord is in the plural form,
MAGNA GRAECIA.
the extraordinary extent of the place, as ascertained by its remains, renders this suggestion more than probable. The valls, nov almost entirely destroyed, enclosed an area of from 20 to 80 acres. Leland, speahing of Xenchester, says :—'t Ther hath ben fovnd "nostra memoria lateres Britannici , et ex eix- dem canales, aquae duetus, tesselata pavimente, fragmentum catenulae aureae, calcar ex argento, byside other stravng tlings" — The tesselated pavements, mentioned by Leland, have, of late years, been partially laid open. The only lapidary inserip- tion vhich appears on record, as discovered at Xen- chester, is a fragment vith the name of the emperor Numerian, but coins and miscellaneous antiquities are still, from time to time, ploughed up.
2. A station in Britain, on tbe line of the Roman Vall, mentioned in the Notitia , it also occurs in Geog. Eavenn. , and probably on the Rudge Cup, as Maiss. 1ts site is that of Carvoran, a little to the S. of the Vall, on a high and commanding position near the village of Greenhead.
There seems but little doubt of Carvoran being the site of this Magna, altbough, unlite many of the Notitia stations on the Vall, its position has not been identified by inscriptions. The Notitia places at Magna the second cohort of the Dalmatians.. At least tivo inscriptions found here mention the Hamii, but none name tbe Dalmatians. "The Hamii do not appear to be recorded in any other inscriptions, and they are not mentioned by that name in the Notitia. Hodgson (Roman Vall and South, Tindale, p. 205) considers that these auxiliary froops mere from Apamenia in Syria, at the confiuence of the Orontes and Marsyas, 62 miles from Aleppo, vhich is still a large place, and called Hamah, and, in ancient times, Hama. This conjecture seems fessible, as the Notitia mentions the Cohors Prima Apamenorum as quartered in Egypt: and also as some altars dedi- cated to the Syrian goddess have been discovered at Carroran. (C.E.S.J
MAGNA GRAE'CIA (3 ueydAn 'EXMds), Vas the name given in ancient times by the Greels themselves to the assemblage of Greelz colonies vhich encircled the shores of Southern Italy. The name is not found in any extant author earlier than Polybius: but the Iatter, iu speahing of the cities 0f Muena Graecia in the time of Pythagoras, uses the expression, the country that vas tRen called Magna Graecia" (Pol. ii. 39): and it appears cer- tain that the name must have arisen at an early period, vvhile the Greelz colonies in Italy vere at the height of their pover and prosperity, and be- fore the states of Greece proper had attained to tbeir fullest greatness. But the omission of the name in Herodotus and Thueydides, even in pas- sages vhere ib vould have been convenient as a geographical designation, seems to shov tbat it vas not in their time generally recognised as a distinc- tive appellation, and mas probabiy first adopted as such by the historians and geographers of later times, though its origin must have been derived from a much earlier age. It is perhaps still more significant, that the name is not found in Seylas, though that author attaches particular importance to the enumeration of tbe Greeh cities in Italy as distinguished from those of the barbarians.
Nor is the use of the term, even at a later period, very fixed or definite.. Strabo seems to imply that the Greelc cities 0 Sicily vvere included under the appellation, but tbis is certainly opposed to the more
Magnis, Most probably for Magnis Castris, Indeed, 1 general usage, vvhich confined the term to the colo-
